OrangeCounty Amicus

= Introduction =

OSGeo has been asked to sign an amicus ("friend of the court") brief for an open data court case in California.

The letter can be found here: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/File:OrangeCountry_amicus_letter.pdf

Dan Putler wrote the following on osgeo-discuss on 16 Dec 2011:

''I've been in contact with Bruce Joffe who has been working on an amicus curiae ("friend of the court") brief associated with two court decisions that have gone in completely opposite directions in California, one involving Santa Clara County and the other involving Orange County. The legal point is the same in both cases, is GIS data (parcel data in particular) data or is it software? If it is data, then it is covered under the California Public Records Act, requiring that it be released to the public for reproduction costs, if it is software, it isn't covered, and is subject to licensing fees. The judge in the Santa Clara County case (correctly) determined it was data, while the judge in the Orange County case (incorrectly) determined it was software. The case is now heading to the California Supreme Court, and Bruce Joffe is rounding up potential individuals and organizations to sign on to the amicus curiae brief. More details about the situation was posted on the Directions Magazine daily newsletter on Wednesday. Here is the link to the article: http://www.directionsmag.com/articles/sierra-club-vs-orange-county-pra-lawsuit-update-december-10-2011/219926''

The process for getting Board approval is documented here: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Protocol_for_requesting_letter_of_support.

= Summary of the Case =

''The following is mpg's summary of the case. See the documents cited below for a full treatment of the issues the Californai Supreme Court is being asked to decide and the potential ramifications.''

Orange County, California ("OC") has a database of parcel map information. The Sierra Club ("SC"), acting under the Public Records Act (PRA) of California, requested a copy of the database. Under the PRA, the data should be provided for a nominal fee (cost of duplication) and without any licensing restrictions. Orange County refused to provide a copy under those terms, requiring instead a payment of $375,000 and a restricted license, on the grounds that the PRA does not extend to the GIS data in question. OC offered to provide PDFs of the original source data for the parcel map under the PRA terms, but not the GIS database. SC brought the issue to court to compel the release of the data in its current, GIS-enabled format.

There are two major issues facing the court.

First, California law excludes "computer software" from the scope of the PRA. However, the statute is worded as follows:

The inclusion of the term "computer mapping system" (which equates to a "GIS" in modern parlance) is unfortunate. When we GIS professionals speak of a "geographic information system", sometimes we mean just the software (example: "My department just bought a new GIS from ESRI") and sometimes we mean to include the data as well (example: "My local government has a parcel map GIS").

To the open data and GIS communities, a natural understanding of the intent of the PRA is that it is intended to make the data be publicly accessible, not the software. This is SC's position; they feel the GIS itself is indeed software, but the parcel database, accessed by the GIS, is a public record. On the other side, OC considers the term "computer mapping system" to include the database as well as the software. It is a matter for the court to decide what the intended meaning of the statute is.

Second, as the court attempts to interpret the statute, it is guided by a requirement that under the terms of the PRA exclusions are to be construed narrowly and inclusions are to be considered broadly. That is, all other considerations being equal, the court should be liberal in its understanding of the law, so as to be in favor of open data. This important case has the potential for setting a precedent for -- or against -- the policy of public access and open data.

(We note that OC's implicit intent is to use the revenue generated from licensing their data to defray the operating expenses of their county government. While this funding mechanism is generally allowable under the law, it may not be used for data which falls under the control of the PRA.)

(We also note that the PRA provides for exemptions to public release where the data in question may violate privacy laws or raise security concerns. OC is not claiming either of those two exemptions in this case, however.)

= Relevance to OSGeo =

One of the enumerated goals of OSGeo's mission is

Open data is a critical component of the open source movement in the geospatial industry; OSGeo was founded in part to promote and advocate for open, public geospatial data. This is an important case in which the very meaning of the concept of "(geospatial) data" and it's accessibility as a public record are both being threatened.

OSGeo, a community of thousands of geospatial professionals, should be proud to join with other notable geo organizations -- including AAG and URISA -- in supporting The Sierra Club's appeal to the courts for the right to access this data.

= Court Documents =

The following documents provide a good summary of (both sides of) the issue:


 * Current briefs to the California Supreme Court on the merits of the case
 * (H) Sierra Club's Opening Brief on the Merits
 * (I) Orange County's Answer Brief on the Merits
 * (J) Sierra Club's Reply to the Answer Brief
 * (K) Amicus Brief by Bruce Joffe et al, in support of The Sierra Club


 * Earlier petition to the California Supreme Court to review the case
 * (A) Petition to Supreme Court, by The Sierra Club
 * (B) Answer to petition, by Orange County
 * (C) Reply to the Answer, by The Sierra Club


 * Amicus briefs to the Appeals Court
 * (D) Amicus Brief by Bruce Joffe et al, in support of The Sierra Club
 * (E) Amicus Brief of League of Cal. Cities and Cal. State Assoc. of Counties, in Support of Orange County


 * Other supporting/relevant documents
 * (F) "Data Sharing Guidelines" document by NSGIC (National States Geographic Council)
 * (G) California Attorney General's opinion on the matter requested by the state legislature at the time of the original Santa Clara County case.


 * Final Supreme Court decision
 * (H) Full text of Cal. Supreme Court decision

For further reading, previous filings and briefs are archived at http://www.calpubrec.org/oclawsuit/appeal/index.html

= Board Resolution =

At the face to face meeting on 4 Feb 2012, the OSGeo board officially endorsed Bruce's letter; mpg sent a formal endorsement letter to Bruce on 11 Feb 2012.

= Victory! =

quoting from Bruce Joffe's mail of 9 July 2013: Interpreting the California Public Records Act in light of California's Constitution, the California Supreme Court affirmed the public's right of access to government information in the same format that it is used by government agencies. The unanimous decision of all seven Justices explained, "Openness in government is essential to the functioning of a democracy. Implicit in the democratic process is the notion that government should be accountable for its actions.  In order to verify accountability, individuals must have access to government files."

Read the text of the decision!