Live GIS Build

=About=

Arramagong is an Xubuntu based Virtual Machine and Live DVD which has been installed with a suite of the best Open Source Geospatial software.

=How to add your project or data to the LiveGIS / Arramagong=

All that's required to add your favorite package into the build is to:


 * Recommended: Subscribe to the Live Demo email list to discuss issues.


 * Optional: Install the latest Arramamgong / GIS virtual machine as per: Live GIS Disc Quick Start.
 * write a shell script which installs and configures your stable package into the current Live GIS virtual machine (which will usually be the same as installing on Xubuntu or Ubuntu).
 * Add the script to subversion, in https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/bin/, as per http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Live_GIS_Disc#Subversion
 * If you are unfamiliar with subversion then you can send the script to the OSGeo live-demo mailing list as an attachment and we'll see that it makes it in.


 * Notify the LiveGIS team to test your script, and will ensure to reference your script from main.sh.

Example scripts
You can see example scripts at: https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/bin/

The script may be as simple as: install_mapserver.sh, which just "apt-get install mapserver"

Projects that haven't been packaged yet are slightly more complicated:

The Udig package is a good example: install_udig.sh

wget https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/sources.list.d/ubuntugis.list \ --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntugis.list
 * 3rd Party Repositories: Create an .list file with your repository in sources.list.d/ in the svn, in your script copy the file to the local machine like

don't forget to add the repository key like so apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 68436DDF

Packaging conventions

 * sudo: Assume the script is to be executed as root.
 * This means that ~/ refers to the directory /home/root/, so you should use ~user/ to reference /home/user/.
 * Preferred method is to put the USER and USER_HOME variables at the top, so these can be easily changed in all scripts if needed.

USER=user USER_HOME=/home/${user} dosomething $USER_HOME


 * Called twice: Assume that the script may be executed twice, (as people re-run the install process to get it right).
 * Make sure that nothing is corrupted if the script runs a second time.


 * No Prompts: Try not to have any steps which prompt the user for an answer, as we want the scripts to be run automatically. In particular, try running the script a second time, and see if you get prompted to overwrite files.


 * /tmp: Copy all downloads into /tmp/build_
 * Don't delete the /tmp/build_ directory. If the script is rerun, then time and bandwidth is saved by not having to download again.


 * Icons: Where appropriate, create an icon on the desktop which loads the application.
 * see install_qgis.sh for an example
 * Create an icon in the the OSGeo Applications pull down list. see install_qgis.sh for an example


 * Browser bookmarks: If the application is launched from the browser, then include the application in Firefox bookmarks.
 * (Todo: How do we do this?)

wget -c package.tar.gz
 * wget: When downloading large files using wget, use the "-c" continue command, as it will not re-download files if they already exist, and will continue if one is partially downloaded:

mkdir -p
 * mkdir: Use -p (parents) option when creating a directory, as it doesn't complain about creating the directory a second time.

Writing docs
Each project should have a distinct sentence or two defining the project, as a html snippet inside a tag. There is a template here: https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/doc/template_definition.html. The following should get a suitable description for .deb packaged projects: dpkg -s $PACKAGE | grep '^Description:' | cut -f2- -d' '

Each project should also have up to one page description about how to use the project on the live DVD. Again, this should be a HTML snippet. See example here: https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/doc/template_description.html

See https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/doc/index.html for prior text examples.

Once complete, save your docs into _definition.html and _description.html, and email the Live Demo list to ensure that it is included into the install_main_docs.sh script.

Please use HTML with a limited set of tags. Allowed are the following tags within your paragraph:
 * em (for italic)
 * strong (for bold)
 * a (make sure your links work (even in the future))
 * ul
 * li
 * h1 for headings
 * h2
 * h3

At the moment, we don't plan to include images/logos. That may change in future releases. You may include links to locally installed pdf or html manuals, keep them off the desktop.

Add it to the Live Disc Package table
Once your application is added in SVN please make sure the information about it is up to date on the Live GIS Disc Packages table.

= Build Drivers =

Which version?
The criteria used to select applications for the LiveGIS are as follows:


 * 1) Priority goes to Ubuntu packaged software first, then Debian packaged software (but often those are the same thing). This facilitates easy and reliable maintenance and update. Users will benefit from it. Programmers are encouraged to move their software into DebianGIS or UbuntuGIS repositories.
 * 2) Stable, always! LiveGIS users are mainly starters. So they obviously are better with stable software. They have enough problems already and will gladly be happier without bleeding-edge software bugs.

For people who want the latest version, they can create a modified upgrade script.

Low Memory
Both Virtual Machines, and a LiveDVD images are likely to be constrained by limited memory. So to reduce memory usage. Disk image size is not of major concern, as we can just distribute less data.

The following principles should be followed.
 * 1) Do not start applications upon power up. (Ie, don't start deamons, allow users to start them instead).
 * 2) Set up examples which, by default, don't depend on other applications. Less applications open, means less memory. Ie, Have GeoServer access a shapefile instead of PostGIS.
 * 3) Try to avoid scenarios which write data to disk, as disk space in the Live DVD is stored in RAM, and is not cleared afterward.

= Directory Structure =


 * 1) /tmp Temporary files (e.g., downloaded archives) go into /tmp. Please create a separate folder for your project.
 * 2) /usr/lib application are usually installed into /usr/lib
 * 3) /usr/bin things that get executed by the user such as startup scripts or links to them should go into /usr/bin
 * 4) /etc/init.d startup/shutdown scripts for services (e.g., postgres, apache, tomcat) are stored in /etc/init.d
 * 5) /usr/local/share sample data and documentation goes into /usr/local/share
 * 6) /etc config files are stored in /etc
 * 7) /home/user user specific config files or working directories can go into /home/user/. However, keep files in /home/user as small as possible as this folder is loaded into memory in the Live DVD. Symlinks into /usr/local can be useful here.


 * You are strongly encouraged to use /usr/local/ and /var/local/ for storing non-packaged content.

= Mounting a Virtual Image = For the purposes of faster dissemination of updates to the Live image via something like rsync you can mount an image file. Make sure you turn off the virtual machine before you attempt to mount it, and that you unmount it before you attempt to run the vm again.

Using VMWare
This method assumes you have vmware server installed, the key is that the vmware-mount script is on your system somewhere. This instructions use /space/virtual as the vmware installation folder and /space/virtual/machines as the location of the disk images. For more information see the VMware mounting guide sudo ln -s /space/virtual/lib/vmware/ libdir cd /space/virtual/bin/ sudo ./vmware-mount -p /space/virtual/machines/gisvm20090828x.vmdk mkdir /space/virtual/machines/mountedimage sudo ./vmware-mount /space/virtual/machines/gisvm20090828x.vmdk 1 /space/virtual/machines/mountedimage sudo ./vmware-mount -d /space/virtual/machines/mountedimage
 * If it complains about not finding libdir/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8/libcrypto.so.0.9.8
 * It's because it's looking for it in your vmware bin/libdir which doesn't exist so symlink
 * Temporarily move your .vmx file out of the directory
 * Move to you vmware bin folder
 * Should be partition 1
 * Make a directory to mount to somewhere easy to find, in my case where I keep my vm images
 * Mount it
 * Don't forget to umount when you're done

Using VirtualBox
These instructions have not been tested yet, they require VirtualBox 2.0+ http://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=17574

Mount the ISO as a readonly filesystem

 * Not recommeded, it's preferred to get th image right to start, you will not be able to edit files inside the squashfs this way.

mkdir test_iso mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro livedvd.iso ./test_iso

If you want to do this without su rights, use the FuseISO package. fuseiso -p livedvd.iso ./test_iso.$$

Unmount the FuseISO filesystem with: fusermount -u ./test_iso.$$

Mount the ISO for changes
If you're on ubuntu to can edit and remaster and ISO with ISOMaster sudo apt-get install isomaster

On Windows try Daemon tools and related software.

= Creating a fresh Virtual Machine =

System Requirements

 * RAM: You can only just get away with 1 Gig. 2 Gig is what you will require to avoid slowdowns due to memory swapping.
 * About 10 Gig of spare hard disk for building a Virtual Machine.(20GB if you intend to build an ISO as well.)
 * Recommended: An Ubuntu based linux distribution. We built this Live DVD process using an Ubuntu based system, and some of the steps assume the hosting operating system is Ubuntu, however you should be able to achieve all the steps (some slightly modified) from Windows.

Install VMWare Server
You will need VMWare server which provides all the tools for configuring a VM, setting the disk size, compressing the image etc. VirtualBox doesn't seem to have the compression scripts required, and it doesn't seem to have a way to copy your image to VMWare.

If you are installing on linux, the installer will ask a series of questions. Answer the default for everything, except the default administrator. For this, you need to enter in your  for the local computer you are installing on.

At the time of writing, the latest version of VMWare didn't install properly on VMWare and required a patch to be installed as well. I successfully followed details at: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-vmware-server-2-0-x-in-ubuntu-9-10-karmic.html

Create an Xubuntu Virtual Machine
If you already have an Xubuntu (or similar) Virtual Machine, you can skip this step.

Otherwise, run VMWare Server, and create an image.

Download the latest Xubuntu ISO. Copy to the Virtual Machine directory:

wget http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/ubuntu/xubuntu/9.04/release/xubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso mv xubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso "/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/"

Run vmware, which opens up a browser based User Interface. vmware

Create a new Virtual Machine with:
 * Virtual Machine name = "arramagong"
 * RAM = 512 Gig (we might want to experiment with less)
 * Hard Disk = 20 Gig (If you plan to make an ISO you will need the space, just the VM install will fit in 8GB with little extra room, but it is a pain to increase later, and can't be done from VMWare Player)
 * Mount the XUbuntu ISO image for the disk drive

Run the Virtual Machine, which will boot from the Xubuntu CD. Select to install Xubuntu, using defaults, plus:
 * What is your name?
 * user


 * What is your password?
 * user


 * What is the name of your computer?
 * arramagong


 * [x] Log in automatically

After installing xubuntu, in the VMWare Summary tab, select the change the CD drive from pointing to the xubuntu iso to point to the actual hard drive.

Alternative: build ISO using vmbuilder
Side note: vmbuilder is reported to be a good way to create an Ubuntu image. I haven't tried it, and haven't worked out if it can create the smaller Xubuntu image. (Please update this wiki if you try it). Note: This method requires you to be running the same or newer version of Ubuntu than you want to make an image for.

host$ sudo apt-get install python-vm-builder host$ sudo vmbuilder vmserver ubuntu --suite karmic --arch i386 --mem 512 --rootsize=20000 --user user --pass user

Install VMWare tools
VMWare tools allow cut and paste from the host operating system to a VMWare virtual machine, and also speeds up graphic rendering on VMWare.

In the VMWare browser control panel, select the virtual machine, then "Summary" tab. Turn on the virtual machine, then select "Install VMWare tools". This mounts the vmware-tools scripts in the arramagong virtual machine, so that it can be installed. Which you can do using the following commands:

arramagong$ cd /tmp arramagong$ tar -zxf /media/cdrom0/VMwareTools-7.7.5-156745.tar.gz arramagong$ cd vmware-tools-distrib/ arramagong$ sudo ./vmware-install.pl arramagong$ # answer defaults to all questions

Backup base Virtual Machine
You should now have a XUbuntu Virtual Machine image in /var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/. It would be a good idea to save a copy of this machine somewhere, so you can use it again.

= Creating a Click2Try Virtual Machine = Click2Try provides a public website that people can use to create a Virtual Machine, and our project has been given a free account to use Click2Try as a development platform, which makes collaborative development much easier.

Click2Try Account details
Go to http://www.click2try.com and login with:
 * User Name: osgeo
 * password: .ask Cameron Shorter.

Once logged in, click on the “My Dashboard” link located on the upper right corner of the page. Then click the “Application Manager” tab. You will notice that there are two virtual machines already defined in your dashboard. They are:


 * base-xubuntu-9-10:
 * This is a base xubuntu virtual machine. Do not alter this one.  Create copies from this VM when you want a fresh virtual machine to start installing stuff on. If you have a point in time that you want to save.  Simply shut down the vm.  make a copy of it.  Rename the copy to what you want.


 * base-arramagong-2-0:
 * This is the base arramagong 2.0.3 application released at FOSS4G 2009. Do not run this version.


 * arramagong-2-0:
 * This is the arramagong 2.0.3 application released at FOSS4G 2009. You can run this version.

Create base Xubuntu image
Tom Callighan from Click2Try created a base Xubuntu system for us. Ask him for a new Xubuntu base image, or ask him to fill in the steps so that we can do it.

Create an Arramagong base image
click on the public access button. This feature actually has a second benefit. It keeps the VM running even when you leave the VM from the viewer. That way, when you log back into click2try you can access the VM much quicker.
 * Copy the base-xubuntu-9-10 image, call it arramagong-
 * Make the image external: Highlight the VM in the application manager, shut the VM down (make sure you save the session), click on the sharing tab,

Create default user

 * Launch the new image you created
 * Log in with: user=root, password=.Same as above.

= Creating the GIS Virtual Machine =

Set the Version Number and Changes
Update https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/VERSION.txt with the current version number.

Update https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/CHANGES.txt with changes since the last release.

Bootstrap the Live DVD
arramagong$ cd /tmp arramagong$ wget https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/bin/bootstrap.sh arramagong$ chmod a+x bootstrap.sh arramagong$ sudo ./bootstrap.sh
 * Start the Xubuntu Virtual Machine
 * Open a terminal
 * Copy the bootstrap script into your home directory and execute it
 * This will install subversion, and the install scripts, and create a link to them from your home directory.

Install all applications
sudo rsync -avz username@hostname.org:/path_to_tmp_dir/ /tmp/ sudo mkdir /var/cache/apt sudo cp /tmp/apt/* /var/cache/apt/ cd ~/gisvm/trunk/bin sudo ./main.sh 2>&1 | tee /var/log/arramagong/main_install.log
 * Optional: If you have run through this process a number of times, you might be smart enough to have saved a local copy of the tmp/ directory. You can save time and bandwidth by copying the tmp/ contents onto the live DVD:
 * cd to the install scripts directory, and run the main.sh installer. Note, that we log the output into tee, so that we can search for errors later.
 * Answer prompts as they come up, there are a few at the start. Wait for a few hours while everything is downloaded and installed.
 * When finished, and before you shutdown your virtual machine, copy the download directories in /tmp to your local computer. (This is to save you re-downloading the files if you are to run through the process again.)
 * The Live DVD should now be ready to test.

= Build the Live DVD ISO image =

Build ISO
The ISO will be built as part of the main.sh script and stored in /tmp/remastersys/. Make sure to copy the ISO onto the osgeo server, and then remove /tmp/remastersys/ or reboot the VM to remove it(must boot up again) before packaging the VM. sudo ./build_iso.sh 2>&1 | tee /var/log/arramagong/build_iso.log
 * Run the script to build the ISO, this includes downloading close to 1GB of Windows and Mac installers.

scp /tmp/remastersys/arramagong-livedvd-2.0-final.iso.md5 user@server.org:destination/path/ scp /tmp/remastersys/arramagong-livedvd-2.0-final.iso user@server.org:destination/path/
 * Once the ISO is complete copy it out to a server (a local server is fastest)
 * And/OR Wget or scp the file to the upload.osgeo.org server (Note wget is much faster if you have a good webserver to host from)

Backup files
Optional: To save time and bandwidth, it is a good idea to back up all the files downloaded into your /tmp directory and the apt-get cache (var/cache/apt), which you can then copy onto future images you create before starting the build process. These files are copied into /tmp/ / during the build process: host$ scp -pr user@ /tmp/3.1alpha1 arragmagong_tmp_3.1alpha1

Power off
Then poweroff the virtual machine. (Note that this removes all files in the tmp/ directory). arramagong$ sudo halt

Package the Live Virtual Machine
Note: ''Most of this step is covered in the package.sh script. Check and update the variables in the script before running on an Ubuntu based system.'' On the host computer, all temporally files can be removed from the virtual machine folder: log files, ram files, etc. Remove all files EXCEPT: *.vmx (VM definition file) and *.vmdk (virtual disk file)

Shrink the virtual machine: (requires VMWare Server installed)

host$ vmware-vdiskmanager -k *.vmdk

Zip the image up: host$ 7z a -mx=9 ArramagongGISVM2009alpha4.7z ArramagongGISVM2009alpha4/

If the image is greater than 2 Gig, then you also need to split the image. The OSGeo download server isn't configured to accept files of a greater size. host$ split -b 1500M ArramagongGISVM2009alpha4.7z ArramagongGISVM2009alpha4.7z

Create the md5sum checksums, so which can be used to confirm that the images have been downloaded correctly: host$ md5sum *.7z*

Upload to the OSGeo Server
scp -pr arramagong-gisvm-2.0-alpha5 username@upload.osgeo.org:/osgeo/download/livedvd/

Update the index.html file at: https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk/download/index.html

Check the result at: http://download.osgeo.org/livedvd

Creating a torrent file
Several tools exist for creating torrents. Below are the key settings you need.

Deluge with the torrent creator plugin has been tested. http://tracker.openbittorrent.com/announce udp://tracker.openbittorrent.com:80/announce OR http://tracker.publicbt.com:80/announce udp://tracker.publicbt.com:80/announce
 * Make sure you have a copy of the file you want to create a torrent for. Mounted remote drives may work.
 * Web Seed - URL to a web server that hosts the file, adds speed to the torrents especially at the start. (Most clients implement this now)
 * Note: Currently OSGeo servers can not handle downloads of files over 2GB, do not web seed from OSGeo for larger files.
 * Tracker - There are 2 open and free trackers that have been tested, use one or the other as most clients do not handle multiple trackers yet.
 * Upload the .torrent file of your iso file for others to grab
 * Start the torrent on your machine or dedicated seeder, so that others have somewhere to start.

= Click2Try image = http://click2try.com allow you to try out linux distributions from within a web browser.

During development, we can access a development click2try machine using the following instructions:

at the URL http://scooter.dev.presage-tech.com.

Log in using

user id: osgeo password: livedemo

Once logged in, navigate to My Dashboard/Applications Manager. You will see a VM named osgeo-gisvmsl-2. Hilite that and click the red LAUNCH button. This will connect you to the VM. Please do not shut down this VM. It is currently running as a single layered appliance on a slower development machine. It will take a lot of time to stop and restart it.

We put a simple quickstart guide that displays on our viewer window. It has login information for the VNC session and root access info.

= SVN branches and tags =

Naming

 * main development happens in "trunk" (aka HEAD)
 * a branch is split off before release time. Bug fixes (only) happen in it and updates like version 2.1 are tagged from it.
 * its name might be like "arramagong_2"


 * a tag is a snapshot of the svn at some point in time, aka a release name. It does not make sense to checkin fixes to one. They should ideally be set as read-only after creation to prevent this.
 * its name might be like "release_20090927_arramagong_2_0"

Creating
cd livedvd/gisvm/ svn copy trunk branches/arramagong_2 svn commit branches/arramagong_2 -m "Splitting off branch for 2.x" svn copy branches/arramagong_2 tags/release_20090927_arramagong_2_0 svn commit tags/release_20090927_arramagong_2_0 -m "tag release 2.0"

Merging
To merge a change from trunk</tt> into a release branch use "svn merge</tt>", as follows: (in this example r2131 from trunk)

svn up branches/arramagong_2/ cd branches/arramagong_2/ svn merge -c 2131 https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk svn diff svn commit -m "bugfix: bikeshed should be orange! (merge from trunk r2131)"

If you do this a lot you might make a little shell script. Here's one called svn_merge_livefromtrunk.sh: svn merge -c $1 https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk
 * 1) !/bin/sh
 * 2) Usage: svn_merge_livefromtrunk