Taiwan Power Company grid

台灣電力公司座標

台灣電力公司座標（電力座標）值得學習，其遍及全台而可利用定位，作「窮人的 GPS」…

The is significant in that it presents a freely available "poorman's GPS" on every power pole and switch box in Taiwan, and could be readily incorporated into projects like Openstreetmap as a supplemental grid. Here we present how to convert the into Taiwan datums thus ultimately connecting it to worldwide coordinate systems.

較廣介紹請參 For a broader introduction please see.

總攬 Overview


視本牌 Looking at the number plate with coordinates G8150 HD78 (呼之 call this GPPQQRSTU[VW]), G is a 80 x 50 km rectangle, (Taiwan is divided into several of these rectangles.) PP increments by 1, every 800 m eastward, 00-99 QQ increments by 1, every 500 m northward, 00-99 R increments by 1, every 100 m eastward,  A=0...H=7 S increments by 1, every 100 m northward, A=0...E=4 T increments by 1, every 10  m eastward,  0-9 U increments by 1, every 10  m northward. 0-9 設備密集都市中也有 In equipment-dense cities often there are additionally: V increments by 1, every 1 m eastward, 0-9 W increments by 1, every 1 m northward, 0-9 我們首先看看台電公司電線桿的牌子（如圖）， 該牌子的下兩行就是座標， 經過簡單的換算， 我們可以將牌子上座標換算成橫麥卡脫投影２度ＴＭ座標ＴＷＤ６７， 這也是許多台灣政府出版地圖所使用的座標系統以下簡單的分析電力座標所分別代表的意義.

Let's take a deeper look at that TaiPower pole number plate, mine infact. Again, the last two lines of that plate, G8150 HD78, are the coordinates. We can convert them to TM-2 coordinates, version TWD67, for use with government maps, GPS, etc. Let's take a look at the meaning of each of those numbers.

A-Z 區 areas


如附圖二所示， 以東西寬八十公里， 南北長五十公里為範圍， 將台灣劃分如圖上區域並以英文字母代表所在位置大區域， 如台中縣東勢鎮位置為Ｇ大區.

Figure 2. As we see, TaiPower has divided Taiwan into 80 km wide, 50 km tall lettered rectangular sectors. For instance, Taizhong County, Dongshi Township, which lies in the G sector.

他區 Other areas:
 * I: 無陸地 underwater
 * S: 馬祖 Mazu
 * U: 只有約３０公頃面積 only about 30 hectares
 * X, Y: 澎湖 Penghu
 * Z: 金門 Jinmen

800×500m


Ｇ大區共分為一萬個 配電圖圖號， 每張圖東西寬８００公尺， 南北長５００公尺. Ｇ大區最西側的Ｘ座標為１７００００公尺東， 最南側的Ｙ座標為２６５００００公尺北， 而Ｇ大區第８１５０圖區西側之Ｘ座標 （如圖 三）為１７００００＋８１＊８００＝２３４８００公尺， 南側之Ｙ座標為２６５００００＋５０＊５００＝２６７５０００公尺， 這就是圖一電力座標Ｇ８１５０所代表的意義.

Figure 3. This G sector is divided up into 10000 charts back at the electric company office. Each covers 800 * 500 meters. The west edge of sector G is at x=170000 meters East. The south edge is at y=2650000 meters North. The west edge of the 8150th chart is at x=170000mE + 81 * 800m = 234800mE, the south edge is at y=2650000mN + 50 * 500m=2675000mN. Now we understand the meaning of G8150.

100×100m


另Ｇ大區第８１５０號圖又細分東西ＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨ各１００公尺， 南北ＡＢＣＤＥ各１００公尺， 由圖四可見， 電力座標ＨＤ所代表範圍的西南角即距Ｇ區第８１５０圖西側７００公尺， 南側３００公尺的位置. （註：Ａ＝０， Ｂ＝１００， Ｃ＝２００．．．）

Figure 4. OK. This 8150th sector is further given ABCDEFGH grids, going west to east, each 100 meters apart; ABCDE grids south to north, each 100 meters apart.

As can be seen, power co. grid HD's area's southwest corner lies 700 meters east of the west edge of box 8150, and lies 300 meters north of the south edge of box 8150. Note, A=0, B=100, C=200...

10×10m


座標７８所代表範圍的西南角即ＨＤ區西側往東７＊１０公尺， 其南側往北８＊１０公尺. （如圖五）

Figure 5. Next, the "78" portion of the grid has its southwest corner at 7*10=70 meters east of the west edge of area HD, and 8*10=80 meters north of the south edge of HD.

總合 Summing up
綜合以上敘述， 電力座標Ｇ８１５０ ＨＤ７８的２度ＴＭ座標分別為

Summing up the above, power co. pole/box grid number G8150 HD78's TM-2 grid value is: 170000+81*800+(8-1)*100+7*10 = 235570 meters East  米東 2650000+50*500+(4-1)*100+8*10 = 2675380 meters North 米北 所細分圖區雖然還是１０＊１０公尺大的區域， 可是對於出外的遊客而言， 已經可以精準的得知自 己目前所在的位置.

The smallest unit of our grid is still a 10*10 meter square, but that ought to be small enough for, say, a traveler to find his spot on maps.

1×1m
在都市地區， 因電線桿∕箱的密度較高， 我們還可找到加印個位數字的， 第一 數字：米東， 第二：米北；例：Ｇ８１５０ ＨＤ７８１２. 其精度則達一米， 比單 一ＧＰＳ衛星定位儀測出的座標值還準確（另外， 電桿∕箱密的地方， 房子也高， 此時ＧＰＳ更難 發揮功效了）.

In cities, where electrical line density is high, we can often find box and pole labels with an additional two digits, e.g. G8150 HD7812, which means add 1 meter east and 2 meters north to the above result. Indeed, the dense part of cities have tall buildings, hindering Global Positioning System (GPS) reception, so with one meter accuracy, it seems we do better than the basic hand held GPS in this case…

澎湖 Penghu
澎湖的 ｘ＝２５００００ｍ 線為東經１１９度， 於台灣島不同. Penghu uses 119 east longitude as x=250000m.E., unlike Taiwan. +--+2664000 | X   | |     | +--+2614000 |  Y   | |     | +--+2564000 275000 355000

金門 Jinmen
金門使用ＵＴＭ ６度分帶座標系統（其中央子午線為東經 １１７度，平移５０００００公尺）， （本文所有縱座標均以赤道為原點）. Jinmen uses 117 east longitude as their x=500000m.E. definition. (This is a 6 degree wide "UTM" grid area.)

金門有兩個同名為Ｚ大區. 因金門地小， 兩Ｚ區不衝突. Jinmen has two sectors both named "Z", which don't conflict as Jinmen is small. +--a--+2725800 | Z   |  Z   | |     |      | +--+--+2675800 552700 632700 712700 Let's convert point 來換算點 "a" : $ proj -le|grep -w intl #猜 Guessing intl a=6378388.0 rf=297. International 1909 (Hayford) $ echo 632700 2725800|proj -I +proj=utm +lon_0=117 +ellps=intl 118d18'40.019"E 24d38'25.43"N 至 To WGS84 見.

烏坵 Wuqiu
未知 Unknown.

馬祖 Mazu
S 區 area.

1954北京座標系, 高度採1985中國高程基準, 因此方格座標一定是Gauss-Kruger六度分帶.

備考Notes


所有我們見過的箱子有座標，但有時不但要看前面，也要看其水泥基礎. 桿子有的地方舊牌無座標.

All of the switch boxes we've seen have grid numbers, but sometimes you have to look at the cement foundation, as well as the front. The poles on the other hand vary. Some districts only have older poles whose labels lack coordinates.

參閱 See Also

 * Taiwan datums

外部連結 External links

 * http://jidanni.org/geo/taipower/
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_pole#Coordinates_on_pole_labels
 * http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/電力座標
 * http://www.sunriver.com.tw/ 含電力座標的地圖集 Maps featuring
 * http://www.taipower.com.tw/ (惟未提座標 but no grid info)