Case Studies

This page lists Case Studies of projects that include Geospatial Open Source components.

=Case Studies=

OSGeo Journal
The OSGeo Journal includes many international Case Studies and introductions to OSGeo software.
 * List of all article titles in the journal here

Evaluation of FOSS4G software projects
[http://www.cascadoss.eu/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=11/ CASCADOSS results on the evaluation marketing, technical and economical aspects of FOSS4G software projects. ]. The CASCADOSS project evaluated 51 of inventoried 98 FOSS4G software projects from 5 categories: desktop GIS/RS applications, server applications, spatial databases, development libraries and general interest projects. The CASCADOSS website provides an open framework for custom evaluations, allowing comparisons between projects to find best solution. The issues related to change from proprietary to OS GI software is also addressed.

Web Clients

 * Obama Campaign - Mapping voters with Mapserver, PostGIS and Openlayers

OpenLayers

 * OpenLayers Case Studies. A collection of OpenLayers studies maintained by the OpenLayers community.
 * President Obama's "Delivering On Change" website uses OpenLayers and OpenStreetMaps. http://www.whitehouse.gov/change/

Mapbender

 * The Mapbender community maintains the Mapbender Gallery with a list of solutions for specific domains ranging from city map services through specific applications to full scale geoportal implementations.

Review of Open Source Desktop Clients
April 2008 http://www.spatialserver.net/osgis/

A comprehensive feature by feature comparison of all the Open Source desktop clients.


 * Municipality of Trento (Comune di Trento), Italy, migration (2005-today): especially improvements in GRASS GIS are financed: new digitizer tool and better high quality cartographic output.

Compare ArcGIS against Open Source GIS Desktop
September 2009 http://gothos.info/resource_files/fpd_libhitech_foss_gis_march2010.pdf

Compares ArcGIS against GRASS, QGIS, uDig, gvSIG,OpenJUMP, and MapWindow for the Library domain.


 * "Each of the individual FOSS GIS packages had their own particular strengths and weaknesses and some performed well for thematic mapping. The FOSS packages generally were weaker compared to ArcGIS in terms of support for various projection and coordinate systems, joining attribute data to GIS files, and automatic labeling, but their advantage is that they were free in terms of cost and licensing restrictions. When coupled with plug-ins and helper applications the viability of the FOSS GIS packages increased."

Email threads discussing merits and disadvantages of OSGeo Desktop
18 April 2008: Geowanking: ArcView 3.1 replacement

"[Oxford Archaeology] are looking at gvsig and qgis as the main options [for ArcGIS], gvsig because it can use cad data, and qgis because we like the grass integration and it's slightly more user-friendly for english speakers (the translated version of gvsig still has some spanish bits in it). With slight changes to our work-flows, we are finding that these two packages will do almost everything we need a gis to do, with the exception of producing high-quality illustrations. To achieve this we are currently looking at export to svg or postscript for final editing in inkscape, but that's a work in progress."

24 April 2008: OSGeo-Discuss: Can I do the same GIS tasks with OS (as with	ESRI)?

This email thread provides numerous opinions for and against using Open Source Geospatial Software.

Paul Ramsey notes there is not a direct Open Source replacement for Arc View:

''I think it's contingent on us as evangelizers to not over-sell. I would not recommend QGIS or any other open source desktop to someone whose prior experience was Arc* until I had a clear understanding of the use case. In response to the query "can I replace ArcView with open source", my answer is "in general, no, but maybe for a specific use case".''

John Callahan provides a good summary:

''I've been an ESRI user (AV 3.x, ArcGIS 8/9, ArcIMS, ArcGIS Server, ArcSDE) for 12+ years and have recently started exploring FOSS software. And I haven't disagreed with any of the responses so far. You will definitely need multiple programs to do what a single ESRI program can do. IMO, this is a good thing. One of the main reasons for my migration is I'm tired of running large, complicated, expensive software and all the extra baggage that comes with it to use only 10% of what the software can do. (see ArcGIS Server.)''

''You can do all the analysis and more of ArcGIS Desktop and extensions using GRASS, QGIS, SAGA, GeoTools, GDAL/OGR, PROJ4, or R Statistics along with a programming language like Python, Java or others. (IMO, this is a better solution than ESRI.)   You can do just about anything you want on the web server end with MapServer, GeoServer, FeatureServer (and maybe TileCache or GeoNetwork for metadata) with any of a dozen or more clients (OpenLayers, ka-Map, MapGuide etc...). And you can do a lot of database work with Postgres/PostGIS, a much simpler, less costly solution than ArcSDE+RDBMS. And I wouldn't count out the role of free, non-open source packages like Google products and Oracle Express (11g should have Spatial included.)''

''From my experience (limited in the FOSS world), I have found three basic hurdles:
 * 1) Cartography.  Whether on the screen, PDF outputs, or print publications, ArcMap is easy and looks great. (Although R Statistics produces better looking charts and graphs than ArcGIS.)
 * 2) Versioned editing.  This is important for groups with multiple concurrent editors or that has a particular hierarchical workflow with their GIS data.
 * 3) Storage and serving of very large (50+ GB) raster datasets.  PostGIS does not support rasters yet; Oracle Spatial does though.  I'm still not sure if storing rasters in a database is a good idea but ArcSDE sure makes it easy, and with good performance when used in conjunction with other ESRI products.

Current work addressing Open Source holes include:
 * Improving GRASS/qgis tools.
 * Design plans for improving open source Cartographic Mapping.

GRASS64 with ArcGIS93 in education at North Carolina State University
December 2009, Assignments for a course on Geospatial Modeling and Analysis with instructions for both GRASS and ArcGIS, including test datasets

GRASS vs SAGA
September 2009, SAGA vs GRASS: A Comparative Analysis of the Two Open Source Desktop GIS for the Automated Analysis of Elevation Data

ARCGIS 9.0 vs GRASS 6.0
August 2005, Comparison of ARCGIS 9.0 and GRASS 6.0

Todd Buchanan's master thesis compared ArcGIS 9.0 and GRASS 6.0 for a use case: "Characterization of Urban Sprawl for Eugene-Springfield, Oregon". He took detailed notes using both and found "ArcGIS is more straightforward than GRASS. However, GRASS proved itself fully capable of performing the operations required by the case study and outperformed ArcGIS in several categories."

Note: GRASS is even better now and has been integrated with the user friendly qgis since this study.

uDig Case Studies
http://udig.refractions.net/gallery/ Collection of uDig case studies put together by Refractions.

Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Regulatory program
''25 September 2007. Powerpoint presentation from FOSS4G Conference''

The Army Corps successfully integrated a Proprietary Oracle Database, ARC SDE and Analysis tools, with Open Source WMS and WFS services, and free viewers like Google Earth and Google Maps.

An earthshaking use of open source
Use of MapServer, Ingres and GMT among other tools by the BGR (a German institute responsible for the monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty).

PostGIS Case Studies
A collection of PostGIS Case Studies collected by Refractions. http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/casestudies/

PostGIS versus MySQL Spatial
June 2009

In speed, PostGIS wins but not by orders of magnitude. The amount of functionality in MySQL Spatial remains very very small. You can do simple store-and-retrieve operations. Many of the spatial operations that are standard in full spatial databases don’t exist or are (confusingly, as some users have commented) stubbed out against bounding box tests instead. http://docs.opengeo.org/geospiel/2009/06/16/postgis-versus-mysql-spatial/

Valencian Regional Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
in Spanish (view English translation by Google)

Valencian Regional Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport is under a project of migrating "all" systems to open-source software. As a matter of fact, that was the reason to build gvSIG. All geospatial infrastructure (previously with ESRI) has been moved to open source (gvSIG, PostGIS, MapServer, deegree, GeoNetwork opensource).

There is a final report (PDF in English) of the gvPontis project.

Hydrographic Confederation of Guadalquivir River, Spain
in Spanish (view English translation by Google)

A migration of a big part of ESRI components to open-source has been made, with use of gvSIG, GeoNetwork opensource, MapServer, GeoServer, deegree.

ROI from Geospatial Open Standards, study by NASA
April 2005

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Geospatial Interoperability Office studied the Return On Investment from using Geospatial Open Standards. The study showed "There is a significant improvement in functionality and mitigation of cost when using open as opposed to proprietary standards. The project that implemented geospatial interoperability standards had a risk-adjusted ROI, or "Savings to Investment" ratio, of 119.0 percent throughout the five-year project life cycle."


 * Summary of Findings
 * Copy of Report (Original URL has suffered link rot)

Predicted ROI for Australian Government to investment in a SDI
October 2007

ACIL Tasman study reports a 10 to 20 times ROI should the Australian government invest in a Spatial Data Infrastructure. =Open Data=
 * Article
 * Media Release

Open Data Licensing in Australian Government
2008. Government Information Licensing Framework

80% of Queensland, Australian government data can be opened up under Creative Commons, and the remaining data is planned to be released under an extensions to the Creative Common license.

Open Data for Victorian state Government, Australia
June 2009 Recommendation to free Public Sector Information.

The Victorian Parliament’s Economic Development and Infrastructure Committee (“EDIC”) recommends the freeing of access to Public Sector Information at no or marginal cost.

Promotion of Access to Information Act
"To give effect to the constitutional right of access to any information held by the State and any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights; and to provide for matters connected therewith."

Spatial Data Infrastructure Act
"To establish the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure, the Committee for Spatial Information and an electronic metadata catalogue; to provide for the determination of standards and prescriptions with regard to the facilitation of the sharing of spatial information; to provide for the capture and publishing of metadata and the avoidance of duplication of such capture; and to provide for matters connected therewith."

=Open Source Policies= These documents provide compelling reasons for selecting Open Source and Open Standards.

Australia
April 2005, Guide to Open Source Software for Australian Government Agencies

It can offer original solutions to problems not addressed by proprietary software and it has the potential to lead to significant savings in Government expenditure on information and communications technology (ICT).

New Zealand
13 March 2008, Ministry of Justice Open Source Strategy Paper

Proposes when Open Source should be used over Proprietary software, and concludes that Open Source better than Proprietary, all other things being equal.

South Africa
The South African Government through its Open Source Project Office and the State IT Agency (SITA) is active with open source and interoperability policy development and implementation.

Browse and download most of the important documents HERE.

The South African FOSS Policy which was approved in 2007 urges government to implement FOSS:
 * Choose FOSS: The South African government will implement FOSS unless proprietary software proves to be significantly superior. Whenever the advantages of FOSS and proprietary software are comparable FOSS will be implemented when choosing a software solution for a new project. Whenever FOSS is not implemented, then reasons must be provided to justify implementing proprietary software.
 * Use FOSS/Open Content Licensing: The South African government will ensure all government content and content developed using government resources is made Open Content, unless analysis on specific content shows that proprietary licensing or confidentiality is substantially beneficial.
 * Develop in FOSS: All new software developed for or by the South African government will be based on open standards, adherent to FOSS principles, and be licensed using a FOSS license where possible.
 * Migrate to FOSS: The South African government will migrate current proprietary software to FOSS whenever comparable software exists.
 * Promote FOSS in South Africa: The South African government will encourage the use of Open Content and Open Standards within South Africa. They will encourage the use of Open Content and Open Standards.

For more recent and additional content visit these sites:
 * SA Government Open Source Project Office
 * SITA FOSS Office

United Kingdom
February 2009, Government Policy on Open Source, Open Standards and Re–Use

Summarised highlights from the policy:
 * Government procurement will fairly consider open source solutions alongside proprietary ones and will take into account total cost of ownership, including exit and transition costs.
 * The Government will, wherever possible, avoid becoming locked in to proprietary software.
 * The Government will require solutions to comply with open standards.
 * Where appropriate, general purpose software developed for government will be released on an open source basis.

US Department of Defense
October 2009, Guidance regarding Open Source Software]. and a news report.

US Navy
April 2006, US Navy Open Technology Development Roadmap Plan.

Describes how the US Navy will migrate to Open Technology Development when purchasing and building software.

Open Technology Development combines salient advances in the following areas: * Open Standards and Interfaces * Open Source Software and Designs * Collaborative/Distributive culture and the and online support tools * Technological Agility

Also, a much shorter news article on the same topic from March 2008. The Navy will acquire only systems based on open technologies and standards.

The Original Paper was stored here.

Open Source Software Economics
''April 2007, [http://techblog.terrapages.com/2007/05/economic-motivation-of-open-source.html The Economic Motivation of Open Source Software: Stakeholder Perspectives]''

Dirk Riehle. "The Economic Motivation of Open Source Software: Stakeholder Perspectives." IEEE Computer, vol. 40, no. 4 (April 2007). Page 25-32.

=Why write a Case Study?= A case study discusses how a specific situation was identified, which solutions were investigated and selected, and a summary of the results.

Solution architects use relevant case studies to support a solution they are building.

Writing a case study about your project gives others the confidence to follow in your footsteps which in turn increases investment in your tools of choice. Publishing your experience gives positive feedback to those involved in your project, reinforcing your success, encouraging colleagues to take on additional challenges, allowing the project to continue to grow.

We would like to see case studies which cover a range of use cases, especially from organizations with a low risk tolerance. Many organizations approach Open Source in little steps gradually integrating it with existing infrastructure and find targeted small case studies valuable.

=What to write?=

One to three pages is good, with a graphic per page.

The case study should cover:
 * Date
 * Problem
 * Evaluations
 * Implementation, including integration with other infrastructure
 * Problems faced and how they were overcome
 * Return on Investment
 * Future plans
 * Who else might benefit from your experience

More hints found by googling: How to write a Case Study

=How to publish?= Consider submitting an article to the OSGeo Journal. Here are the basic guidelines for authors.