Live GIS Disc

= About OSGeo-Live =



OSGeo Live provides bootable ISO-Images and Virtual Machines which allow users to try out fully-operational versions of popular Free Geospatial Software without the need to install a thing.

We do this in large part by maintaining automated build scripts which collect many OSGeo programs and sample data-sets together, and then combine them to form the Live disc or VM itself. By tweaking these scripts, users are free to make their own custom distributions, for example localized in their own language and with local map data.

= Key Links =

Quick Start

 * Live GIS Disc Quick Start

How to add a project to OSGeoLive

 * Questions to answer when requesting to add an application to OSGeo-Live
 * Live GIS Add Project

Including OSGeo-Live at your event
OSGeo Live provides a DVD, USB and a Virtual Machine which allow users to try out fully-operational versions of popular Free Geospatial Software without the need to install a thing. It also includes documentation and a comprehensive presentation.

This is the process to follow if you wish to make use of OSGeo-Live at your conference, workshop or similar event.


 * Tell Us
 * Add your event to our Live GIS History page and tell us how you would like to use OSGeo-Live on our email list (or email Cameron Shorter directly). Hearing how OSGeo-Live is used motivates us to keep going, and we plan releases around upcoming events.


 * Presentation
 * Conference attendees appreciate the OSGeo-Live Lightning Overview, which explains the breadth of OSGeo software, abstract here. It is often presented by one of the conference organisors, or keynote speakers. You may wish to find a suitable speaker from the OSGeo Advocate list. The presentation may be given as is, or modified to align with time constraints, presenter's interest, or conference focus. (For prior variants, see Live GIS Presentation.)


 * Handing out DVDs or USBs
 * OSGeo-Live DVDs and/or USBs are often handed out to all conference delegates, or a smaller number handed out from an OSGeo booth. DVDs are cheaper (around $2 per copy), but USBs provide a better experience as they are faster to boot up and run. You will need to:
 * Work out how to pay for the USBs/DVDs. Usually the price is factored into event budgets. This means you will require commitment from the event Organisors. However you may find an external sponsor, or for smaller print runs, you might find volunteers to print from their computers.
 * Source a local printer, preferably local. Printers typically require 2 weeks to do the print run, although they often will turn around faster if you pay more money.
 * Printing DVDs: The printer will require an ISO image, and artwork for the DVD face and DVD sleeve. You may make use of existing artwork or create your own.
 * Printing USBs: A 4 Gig USB is required for osgeo-live-mini (8 Gig if you wish the full image with windows and mac installers). The process for installing USBs is described here. Note that it is important to ask the printer if they can create bootable USBs. (We have found that many printers are not familiar with the process). It is prudent to check the first USB that is printed before printing the rest. You can also print a logo on the USB.


 * Workshops
 * For workshops, we recommend using OSGeo-Live from a Virtual Machine or from a USB. Note that some computers can't boot from a USB. OSGeo-Live on a DVD is slow and as such is not recommended for workshops. However it is wise to have a few spare DVDs in case one of your computers can't boot from the USB. Note that OSGeo-Live we have heard some issues when running on Apple Macs, so if using Macs, please test first.


 * Poster
 * We have a Poster which is useful for hanging on a wall of a conference booth.

Build Process

 * Live GIS Build instructions

Want to help?
We love volunteers, and would love to hear from you if you would like to help out. Best place to start is to introduce yourself on our email list, maybe mention how you'd like to get involved. Here are some ideas about things that you might want to help with:
 * Translations: Know another language? Why not join our team of translators:
 * http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Live_GIS_Disc#Translate


 * Testing:
 * Quickstarts:
 * Debian Packaging:

Project Management Committee (PMC)
Also referred to as Project Steering Committee (PSC)
 * http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Live_GIS_Management

Package List

 * Package List
 * Future/wishlist

Documentation
Live_GIS_Add_Project

Stable release: http://live.osgeo.org

Nightly build: http://adhoc.osgeo.osuosl.org/livedvd/docs/en/index.html

Source is stored in git: https://github.com/OSGeo/OSGeoLive-doc

Notebooks
Live_GIS_Add_Project

In development Notebooks

Translate

 * Live GIS Translate - translate process.
 * Docs ready to translate are marked "Final" in our status spreadsheet.
 * Translation Status
 * https://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Talk:Live_GIS_Translate Discussion about moving to Transifex

Artwork
You can find the artwork sleeves, background images, booklet at:
 * http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo/browser/livedvd/artwork/


 * Version 4.5:
 * http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo/browser/livedvd/artwork/backgrounds/4.5
 * http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo/browser/livedvd/artwork/sleeve/4.5

Review

 * Live GIS Review
 * Quickstart Review

Presentation
Live GIS Presentation

Poster
Live GIS Poster

Workshops with OSGeoLive
Workshops with OSGeoLive

Schedule

 * Live GIS Disc Schedule

Contact Us

 * Mailing List: http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/live-demo
 * The mailing list is archived at Gmane and Nabble


 * IRC: irc://irc.freenode.net#osgeolive - Logs
 * You can log into IRC from: http://webchat.freenode.net/ Enter a nickname, and set channel=osgeolive
 * We are meeting weekly on IRC, Monday afternoon in the Americas, Monday evening in Europe, Tuesday morning in Australia/New Zealand: https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/meetingdetails.html?hour=20&min=30&sec=0&p1=179&p2=189&p3=224&p4=22&p5=240&p6=196&p7=215
 * Twitter @osgeolive

Downloads
Latest Stable Release: http://live.osgeo.org/en/download.html

Latest Development Release: http://aiolos.survey.ntua.gr/gisvm/dev/

Older Releases: http://download.osgeo.org/livedvd

Issue Tracker
Our issue tracker is hosted at OSGeo's Trac system, and you will need to create an OSGeo UserId before you can login and edit issues. To distinguish the LiveDVD project from other OSGeo projects, use the following conventions:
 * Component field
 * Set to `LiveDVD`


 * Keywords:
 * Version: Set to base release version: eg: 5.0, 5.5 (not 5.5rc1)
 * Application: Set to application with issue (use lower case): eg: "geoserver"


 * List of open tickets


 * Just those concerning the upcoming release
 * List of tickets already fixed

OSGeo User Id

 * Create an OSGeo id: http://www.osgeo.org/osgeo_userid, which is required to edit the wiki, commit to svn and create an issue in the issue tracker.

Git migration

 * Repositories (to be moved to OSGeo infrastructure soon): https://github.com/OSGeo/OSGeoLive and https://github.com/OSGeo/OSGeoLive-doc
 * Since Git is a distributed versioning system, it is very convenient for each developer/contributor to have a personal public copy of the "official" repository (also known as fork).


 * Web hosting services like GitLab or GitHub provide this option if you visit the main code repository and press the button "Fork". This way the developer can make changes to a personal isolated repository. Then one can ask the rest of the developers to review the code and merge accordingly through a "pull request".


 * After forking the official repositories, your working repositories are: https://github.com/your_id/OSGeoLive and https://github.com/your_id/OSGeoLive-doc

git clone https://github.com/your_id/OSGeoLive
 * On Linux systems get the source code locally using:


 * In order to be able to get and send changes to your public repository, you need to link your local copy to your public copy. This is done automatically for you when you "git clone". The repository that you cloned from has the alias "origin".

git remote add upstream https://github.com/OSGeo/OSGeoLive
 * In order to be able to get changes that others do to the main repository, you need to manually link to that using:


 * On MS Windows systems, install TortoiseGit, which extends Windows Explorer to include git commands.

git config --global user.name "John Doe" git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
 * The first thing you should do when you install Git is to set your user name and e-mail address.


 * Commit access
 * On the git world, you don't need commit access to the main repository in order to contribute. You just work on your own fork and ask maintainers to merge your code through "pull requests". Before you contribute to the project for the first time, you will need to confirm that you will comply with our license guidelines. Write something like:


 * "Hi all, I'd like to contribute XXX to OSGeo-Live. I confirm that my contributions to OSGeo-Live will be compatible with the OSGeo-Live license guidelines at the time of contribution."


 * The licenses used for the OSGeo-Live build scripts and documentation are:
 * Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License for Quickstarts
 * Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License for Project Overviews
 * LGPL version >=2.1 for the install scripts
 * One of the OSI approved Open Source licenses for installed applications
 * Public domain, CC-By-SA, and Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) for data


 * Add your name to contributors list
 * The first thing you should do to test your git setup is to add your name to the code contributors or translators list(s):

cd OSGeoLive-doc

git pull upstream master
 * 1) Pull any updates from upstream project (master is the equivalent of subversion trunk)

git diff contributors.csv git add contributors.csv
 * 1) Coders and creators of new content: edit contributors.csv
 * 2) please add your Name, Email, Country and Osgeo_id to the list, separated by comma
 * 3)  - Order alphabetical by first name,
 * 4)  - remove punctuation from email addresses to stop harvesting for junk mail
 * 1) optionally check to see what has changed.
 * 1) add the changes into stage area

git commit -m "Added [my name] to contributors"
 * 1) commit changes locally

git push origin master
 * 1) send the changes to your public repository

At this point you can let others know that you have some changes that you want to merge, so you can use the button "Pull Request" on GitLab or GitHub. Or you can continue until you feel ready to share your code :)


 * 1) Translators: edit translators.csv
 * 2) same as above, but the order of columns is:
 * 3) Language, i18n code, Name, Country, Email, Osgeo_id
 * 4)  - Order alphabetically by language, then by first name
 * 5)  - remove punctuation from email addresses to stop harvesting for junk mail

Working with files:

cd
 * 1) to add a file

git add git commit -m "commit message" git push origin master
 * 1) create a file

git mv  git commit -m "commit message" git push origin master
 * 1) to move or rename a file
 * 2)  *** please use instead of 'svn add' + 'svn rm', otherwise the
 * 3)      development history gets lost and database space is wasted ***

Last step: pull request

In order to merge your work with the main repository, you have to make a pull request.

You can do it by logging on your github account and go to the branch you changed. Click on the New pull request green button. The changes you made previously while appear.

You can review and comment your request before submitting. To submit, click on the Create pull request green button. Then, you're done ! Good job !

More information about Github pull request here: https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/

Subversion
svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk
 * Repository: https://svn.osgeo.org/osgeo/livedvd/gisvm/trunk and web view
 * On Linux systems: access Subversion using:


 * On MS Windows systems, install Tortoise Subversion, which extends Windows Explorer to include subversion commands.


 * Commit access
 * To get commit access, you need to create yourself an osgeo user id, then join our email list and ask to be given access to subversion. In this email, you will also need to confirm that you will comply with our license guidelines. Write something like:


 * "Hi all, I'd like to contribute XXX to OSGeo-Live. Could I please get access to subversion. My osgeo-user id is: YYYY.


 * I confirm that my contributions to OSGeo-Live will be compatible with the OSGeo-Live license guidelines at the time of contribution."


 * The licenses used for the OSGeo-Live build scripts and documentation are:
 * Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License for Quickstarts
 * Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License for Project Overviews
 * LGPL version >=2.1 for the install scripts
 * One of the OSI approved Open Source licenses for installed applications
 * Public domain, CC-By-SA, and Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) for data


 * A project admin will then add you to the osgeo user group.


 * Add your name to contributors list
 * The first thing you should do to test your svn install is to add your name the code contributors or translators list(s):

cd trunk/doc

svn update contributors.csv translators.csv
 * 1) to edit a file

svn diff contributors.csv svn commit contributors.csv
 * 1) Coders and creators of new content: edit contributors.csv
 * 2) please add your Name, Email, Country and Osgeo_id to the list, separated by comma
 * 3)  - Order alphabetical by first name,
 * 4)  - remove punctuation from email addresses to stop harvesting for junk mail
 * 1) optionally check to see what has changed.
 * 1) check the file back into subversion


 * 1) Translators: edit translators.csv
 * 2) same as above, but the order of columns is:
 * 3) Language, i18n code, Name, Country, Email, Osgeo_id
 * 4)  - Order alphabetically by language, then by first name
 * 5)  - remove punctuation from email addresses to stop harvesting for junk mail

Working with files:

cd
 * 1) to add a file

svn add svn propset svn:mime-type  svn commit
 * 1) create a file

svn move svn commit
 * 1) to move or rename a file
 * 2)  *** please use instead of 'svn add' + 'svn rm', otherwise the
 * 3)      development history gets lost and database space is wasted ***


 * A script to automatically set the svn props can be found here. More SVN hints here.
 * On MS Windows this can be made easy using Tortoise SVN which plugs directly into Windows Explorer.

FAQ

 * Live GIS Disc FAQ

Code of Conduct
Within the OSGeo-Live community we act respectfully toward others in line with the OSGeo Code of Conduct.

Press Releases

 * FOSS4G 2009 Press Releases
 * 27 August 2009, FOSS4G 2009 Press Release 28 - Simple steps to get your project on the FOSS4G Live DVD
 * 6 September 2009, FOSS4G 2009 Press Release 29 - What Windows installers should be on the FOSS4G Live DVD + Live DVD Status.
 * 3 October 2009, Arramagong GIS Live DVD - off to printers
 * 16 October 2009, FOSS4G 2009 Press Release 35 - LiveDVD/VM on click2try Cover Email
 * 16 December 2009, Live GIS Disc Press Release 1 - Defining the next LiveDVD/VM
 * 14 January 2009, Live GIS Disc Press Release 2 - 3 weeks to Live DVD 3.0 feature freeze
 * 24 March 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 4 - LiveDVD project joins Google Summer of Code
 * 31 March 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 3 - Arramagong Live DVD 3.0 released
 * 10 June 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 5 - Building OSGeo Live DVD for FOSS4G 2010
 * 27 June 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 6 - 1 week till OSGeoLive Feature Freeze
 * 21 July 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 7 - OGC and OSGeo collaborate on documentation
 * 3 August 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 8 - 1 week to test the OSGeo-Live DVD
 * 13 August 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 9 - Testing OSGeo-Live on the USB
 * 3 September 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 10 - Video & DVD for OSGeoLive 4.0, the best GeoSpatial OpenSource
 * 23 November 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 11 - Goals and schedule for OSGeo-Live 4.5
 * 11 December 2010, Live GIS Disc Press Release 12 - Contact application contacts
 * 14 January 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 13 - Last call for projects to be included on OSGeo-Live 4.5
 * 13 February 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 14 - Two weeks to translate Project Overviews
 * 13 February 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 15 - Two weeks to write Quick Starts
 * 25 February 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 16 - OSGeo-Live 4.5 ready for testing
 * 28 March 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 17 - OSGeo-Live 4.5 released
 * 8 May 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 18 - Call for interest in OSGeo-Live 5.0
 * 4 June 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 19 - Last call for new projects wishing to be included on OSGeo-Live
 * 17 June 2011, Memoirs of a Cat Herder - Coordinating OSGeo-Live volunteers
 * 9 July 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 20 - One week to update of OSGeo-Live English Overviews and Quickstarts
 * 18 July 2011, Project Overviews & Quickstarts for New Zealand's SDI Cookbook
 * 2 August 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 21 - Calling for OSGeo-Live Testers
 * 30 August 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 22 - OSGeo-Live 5.0 released
 * 1 November 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 23 - Call for interest in OSGeo-Live 5.5
 * 17 December 2011, Live GIS Disc Press Release 24 - What version of applications should we be installing on OSGeo-Live 5.5?
 * 16 January 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 25 - Update OSGeo-Live 5.5 docs & installer
 * 1 March 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 26 - OSGeo-Live 5.5 released
 * 30 April 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 27 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 6.0
 * 2 August 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 28 - All OSGeo-Live java applications now working with OpenJDK 7
 * 20 August 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 29 - OSGeo-Live 6.0 released
 * 31 October 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 30 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 6.5
 * 9 November 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 31 - What version of applications should we be installing on OSGeo-Live 6.5?
 * 3 December 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 33 - One week to tell us to include your app on OSGeo-Live 6.5
 * 18 December 2012, Live GIS Disc Press Release 34 - Update OSGeo-Live Project Overviews and Quickstarts
 * 18 January 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 32 - Targeting OSGeo-Live Quickstarts for OSGeo-Live 6.5
 * 20 January 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 35 - OSGeo-Live Project Overview deadline in 3 days
 * 24 January 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 36 - Two weeks to translate OSGeo-Live Documentation
 * 26 January 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 37 - OSGeolive Quickstart Hackaton Weekend
 * 18 February 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 39 - OSGeolive Quickstart Hackaton - Results
 * 20 February 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 38 - OSGeo-Live 6.5 released
 * 16 May 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 40 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 7.0
 * 19 July 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 41 - Update OSGeo-Live Project Overviews and Quickstarts
 * 23 August 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 42 - Final OSGeo-Live testing sprint this weekend
 * 30 August 2013, Live GIS Disc Press Release 43 - OSGeo-Live 7.0 released
 * 20 December 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 44 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 7.9
 * 27 January 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 45 - Update OSGeo-Live Project Overviews and Quickstarts
 * 14 February 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 46 - Final OSGeo-Live 7.9 testing sprint - call to action
 * 19 February 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 47 - Two weeks to translate OSGeo-Live Documentation
 * 12 March 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 48 - OSGeo-Live 7.9 released
 * 14 April 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 49 - OSGeo-Live and Heartbleed vulnerability
 * 4 May 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 50 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 8.0
 * 11 July 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 51 - OSGeo-Live at FOSS4G-Europe Code Sprint
 * 28 July 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 52 - OSGeo-Live Testing and updating Project Overviews and Quickstarts
 * 8 August 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 53 - Final OSGeo-Live 8.0 testing sprint
 * 25 August 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 54 - OSGeo-Live 8.0 released
 * 26 August 2014 8.0 Errata - Post release issues
 * 10 November 2014, Live GIS Disc Press Release 55 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 8.5
 * 1 February 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 56 - One week to translate OSGeo-Live 8.5 Documentation
 * 2 February 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 57 - Final OSGeo-Live 8.5 testing sprint
 * 22 February 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 58 - OSGeo-Live 8.5 released
 * 19 May 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 59 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 9.0
 * 27 August 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 60 - Final OSGeo-Live 9.0 testing sprint
 * 10 September 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 61 - OSGeo-Live 9.0 released
 * 23 November 2015, Live GIS Disc Press Release 62 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 9.5
 * 01 February 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 63 - OSGeo-Live metrics going public in next release
 * 03 February 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 64 - Projects being considered to be retired from OSGeo-Live
 * 07 March 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 65 - OSGeo-Live 9.5 - Call for testers and translators
 * 22 March 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 66 - OSGeo-Live 9.5 released
 * 10 May 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 67 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 10.0
 * 4 June 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 68 - OSGeo-Live 10.0 alpha ready to test
 * 30 June 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 69 - OSGeo-Live 10.0 - Call for testers and translators
 * 3 August 2016, Live GIS Disc Press Release 70 - OSGeo-Live 10.0 released
 * 21 February 2017, Live GIS Disc Press Release 71 - OSGeo-Live 10.5 - Call for testers
 * 28 February 2017, Live GIS Disc Press Release 72 - OSGeo-Live 10.5 - Is your project broken?
 * 28 March 2017, Live GIS Disc Press Release 74 - Dropping broken projects from OSGeo-Live
 * 10 April 2017, Live GIS Disc Press Release 73 - OSGeo-Live 10.5 released
 * 19 April, Live GIS Disc Press Release 75 - Starting build cycle for OSGeo-Live 11.0 - Descoping for this release

Twitter
We also announce press releases on twitter.


 * Major Builds
 * Calls for Testing
 * Calls for Translation
 * Retweets of events featuring OSGeo-Live

History
Live GIS History

Testimonials
Live GIS Testimonials

Project Metrics

 * Metrics from Ohloh: https://www.ohloh.net/p/OSGeo-Live
 * OSGeo Live Translation Stats: http://adhoc.osgeo.osuosl.org/livedvd/lang_stats.html

Google Summer of Code

 * Live GIS GSoC 2014
 * Live GIS GSoC 2015
 * Cross project OSGeo-Live and HOT in GSoC 2015

OSGeo Incubation

 * Live GIS Incubation Graduation Checklist

= Use Cases =

There are multiple use cases for this product:

This will contain a wide variety of applications, preconfigured with some sample data and containing introductory tutorials. It should be able to function completely offline, at least within the scope of the tutorials, and should provide an introduction to many products. This is very much a Live DVD, and as such should be conservative with regards to size (it will be run from RAM). This seems to be a more involved version than the Demo DVD, including more involved material, including train-the-trainer style material. This is targeted at those who will be teaching others, be it in workshops or university classes/labs. My expectation (mleslie: feel free to correct me) is that this is more likely to be installed on machines and used as a teaching resource, as opposed to a toy to play with, as with the Demo DVD. This will require material developed through the. This need was seen in Cape Town, where the bandwidth seems to be a very limiting factor. Using the DVD to install either a complete OS, a set of packages to an existing Linux, or Windows installers completely offline is of great value in the developing world. Would it be of greater value to lose the Edu or demo material and put in complete application documentation?
 * Demo DVD that can be handed out at conferences.
 * Education DVD
 * Workstation Install DVD

= Links to related projects =
 * DebianGIS. We encourage projects to package applications into Debian, which in turn is incorporated into Ubuntu.
 * UbuntuGIS
 * Enterprise Linux GIS packages as RPMs for redhat based systems.
 * GISVM home page (GIS Virtual Machine by Ricardo Pinho)
 * DebianGIS Live Image
 * Build scripts in DebianGIS's SVN


 * Omniverdi LiveCD project
 * List of live CDs from the GRASS download site
 * Gfoss.it live DVD
 * Portable GIS - Zero-install GIS for MS Windows on a USB stick
 * Poseidon Linux
 * GISLive - LiveDVD project from FOSSGIS e.V. (German language)
 * GIS.lab - Automatic deployment of GIS infrastructure

= Links to Build tool options =
 * The live-helper package - DebianLive home page
 * Debian\Ubuntu Tricks
 * Ubuntu Help Way